Rotavirus diarrhea among children in three hospitals under sentinel surveillance, from August 2001 to July 2004 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To learn the epidemiologic characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in three hospitals under sentinel surveillance from August 2001 to July 2004 and to provide background information for developing and implementing rotavirus vaccine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data from hospital-based rotavirus surveillance among children < 5 years old hospitalized with acute diarrhea was used. Patients' clinic information and feces specimens were collected. Specimens were tested and typed for rotavirus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 3121 specimens were tested and the detection rate of rotavirus was 51%. Among all the children with rotavirus diarrhea, 94% were < 2 years old. G3 (69.9%) was the most prevalent serotype followed by G1 (6.6%) and G2 (2.9%). P[8] was the most common genotype of rotavirus. The most common G-P combination identified in this study was P[8] G3 (64.0%). Seveal other combinations of minor frequency were also identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rotavirus infection was most commonly seen among children < 5 years old hospitalized with acute diarrhea in the three hospitals. It is important to develop and implement rotavirus vaccine to prevent and control severe rotavirus infection. Because of the diversity of rotavirus strains, it is necessary to perform rotavirus strain surveillance to understand the dynamic nature of viral transmission.</p>

Astrovirus infection among hospitalized children with acute diarrhea in seven regions of China, 1998-2005 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the epidemiology and strain variations of astrovirus infection among children under 5 years of age, hospitalized for acute diarrhea in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Inpatients under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea in hospitals of seven provinces between 1998 and 2005 were enrolled in the study Stool specimens were collected and tested for astrovirus using the Dako Amplified IDEIA Astrovirus kits or reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genetic identities of the strains were determined using RT-PCR with serotype-specific primers and confirmed by sequencing of the RT-PCR products.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1668 diarrheal stool samples tested for both rotavirus and calicivirus negative were examined. The detection rate of astrovirus infection was 5.5% (91/1668) and the diarrhea cases caused by astrovirus infection could be found in any season of the year but mainly occurred in cold season from October to next January. Astrovirus detection-rates were: 7.4% among infants aged 9-11 months followed by 6.1% in 12-17 month-olds, and 6-8 months 5.6% & 0-2 months 5.6% before 8 months. Over 95% of astrovirus infections occurred in children before 2 years of age. Among 49 strains, typed, serotype 1(45/91) was most commonly seen while serotype 5 was in two cases and serotype 3 and 8 were detected in only one case respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Astrovirus seemed an important etiologic agent in young children with acute diarrhea in China and Serotype 1 was the most prevalent one.</p>

Etiological study on viral diarrhea among children in Lanzhou, Gansu, from July 2004 through June 2005 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study molecular epidemiology of four major etiological viruses among children with acute diarrhea in Lanzhou, Gansu province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stool specimens were collected from all 400 inpatients less than 5 years old with acute diarrhea admitted in Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital, Lanzhou University from Jul. 2004 through Jun. 2005. Dako IDEIA kits were used for detection of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus. Calicivirus detection was done by both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) and ELISA. Further strain characterization of rotavirus and astrovirus was carried out with RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 400 stool samples were collected and tested. Rotavirus was present in 47.3% of the cases: calicivirus in 15.5%, astrovirus in 9.5% and adenoviruses in 7.5%. Mixed infections with multiple enteric viruses were present in 13.5% of all samples. Among 189 rotavirus positive samples, serotype G2 (34.4%) was the predominant strain followed by G3 (32.8%), G1 (1.1%) and mixed-G infection (5.8%). 25.9% of strains remained to be non-typeable. P genotyping showed P [4] (45%) was most common followed by P [8] (22.1%), and non-typeable (32.9%). Strain P [4] G2 (43.6%) was the most common combination followed by P [8] G3 (25.6%), P [4] G3 (13.8%), and P [8] G2, P [4] G1 and P [8] G1. Among 38 astrovirus strains, serotypes 1 (57.8%) was the predominant. Serotype 3 and 8 were found only in one case respectively, 14 strains remained to be non-typeable. A peak admission of rotavirus diarrhea was observed from October through December. More than 95.0% of viral diarrhea patients under hospitalization occurred among children younger than 2 years. The incidence rates of rotavirus were highest in infants aged 6 - 23 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rotavirus was the most important pathogen for viral diarrhea among children hospitalized in Lanzhou followed by calicivirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus. The predominant rotavirus strain circulated was P [4] G2, which was different from the finding in the previous years. The high rate of mixed infection with different viral agents was notable.</p>